Taken together, these various chains render the ḥadīth authentic.
Lessons derived from the ḥadīth:
1 – The ḥadīth classifies judges into three kinds:
• First: a judge who knows the truth and the Sharīʿah ruling, and rules accordingly. Such a person is the strong and trustworthy one to whom Allah has entrusted authority; he, if Allah wills, is of the people of Paradise.
• Second: a judge who knows the truth and clearly discerns the ruling, yet—Allah’s refuge is sought—his desires entice him, so he rules contrary to what is right. This judge is of the people of Hell.
• Third: a judge who is ignorant of the truth and unaware of the Sharīʿah ruling, yet presumptuously passes judgment in his ignorance. He too is of the people of Hell, whether his verdict happens to coincide with what is correct or not.
Shaykh al-Islām (Ibn Taymiyyah) said: “Judges are three: the qualified, the unqualified, and the unknown. Nothing of the qualified judge’s rulings is rejected except that which is known to be false, and nothing of the unqualified judge’s rulings is enforced except that which is known to be true.” This view was adopted by al-Muwaffaq and others.
2 – The ḥadīth is a stern warning against judging on the basis of caprice or ignorance, for people’s rights are momentous and Allah’s punishment is severe.
3 – Shaykh al-Islām also said: “One must regard the office of judge as an act of worship and a means of drawing close to Allah, for it is among the finest acts of devotion. What has corrupted most people is their pursuit of status and wealth through it.” He said in Sharḥ al-Iqnāʿ: “The judiciary entails grave danger and an immense burden for anyone who seeks the truth within it; hence the ḥadīth, ‘Whoever is appointed a judge has been slaughtered without a knife.’”
4 – It is unlawful for an unqualified person to enter the judiciary. Shaykh al-Islām stated: “Whoever undertakes the office of judge without possessing the qualifications that justify the appointment, persists in doing so, and acts in ignorance and oppression is a flagrant sinner, and his rulings are not binding.”
5 – Shaykh Taqī al-Dīn also observed: “The judge explains the Sharīʿah ruling and compels compliance, whereas the muftī merely explains the ruling.”