Al-Damīrī said, “The jallalah among animals is one that feeds on dung and excrement.”

Sharḥ al-Iqnāʿ states: “A jallalah is an animal whose fodder is impure matter.”

Al-Nawawī remarked: “An animal is not deemed jallalah unless impure feed predominates in its diet.”

Benefits derived from the ḥadith:

1. The principal ḥadith is supported by several narrations, all traced back to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
   (a) Aḥmad (1990), Abū Dāwūd (3786), and al-Tirmidhī (1825) transmit from Ibn ʿAbbās: “He forbade drinking the milk of a jallalah.” Another wording reads: “He forbade riding a jallalah.”
   (b) Abū Dāwūd (3787) relates from Ibn ʿUmar: “He prohibited a jallalah camel—both riding it and drinking its milk.”
   (c) Aḥmad (6999), Abū Dāwūd (3811), and al-Nasāʾī (4447) narrate from ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather: “He forbade the meat of domestic donkeys and the jallalah—prohibiting riding them and eating their flesh.”

2. Concerning the requirement to confine the animal away from impurities, additional reports state:
   (a) Al-Ḥākim (2/46), al-Dāraqutnī (4/283), and al-Bayhaqī (9/333) record from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ: “until it is penned up for forty nights and given clean fodder.”
   (b) “Whenever Ibn ʿAmr wished to eat its meat, he would confine it for three full days and nights.”

3. These narrations establish the prohibition of eating a jallalah’s meat, drinking its milk, or riding it, because its meat, milk, and sweat originate from filth and are therefore impure.

4. Sharḥ al-Iqnāʿ further states: The jallalah itself, its milk, and its eggs are unlawful, for they are generated from impurity. Riding it is disliked on account of its sweat until it has been confined for three days and nights, fed wholesome fodder, and kept from impurities—whether the creature be a bird or a beast. Once that period is completed, it becomes pure and permissible.