and the full length of that stretch is one mile.

9 – As for hadith no. 1145, the Prophet ﷺ held horse races and gave preference to the qurrāḥ, that is, horses that have completed five full years, because they are more enjoyable and stronger for running and racing.

10 – Warfare, its weaponry, and its equipment have now advanced far beyond their former state. Military sciences and the arts of war are presently taught in various academies, colleges, and training fields, and modern combat hinges on mastering such weapons as machine guns, artillery, rockets, fighter aircraft, tanks, armored vehicles, submarines, and the like. Military and defense personnel, with their ranks, qualifications, and specializations, safeguard the homelands; high ranks are bestowed on those who perform heroic deeds or make legitimate advances in military science, so as to motivate and encourage the outstanding and the excellent in these arenas. Likewise, organizing competitions and contests for excellence in the military field is both praiseworthy and lawful, for through it Islam is strengthened, the schemes of the enemies of Islam and the Muslims are repelled, and the homeland and its citizens are protected from aggressors, covetous usurpers, and invaders.

11 – Hadith no. 1146 confirms what we have said: wagering and risk-bearing are permissible only in three matters:
1 – al-khuff, meaning camels;
2 – an-naṣl, meaning archery with arrows and the like;
3 – al-ḥāfir, meaning horses.

12 – It has already been explained that these were the instruments of combat and striving in Allah’s cause during that era, and that the advanced weapons, engines of war, and means of transport that have since appeared