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that are mounted for jihad and for other religious and worldly needs.
• al-kurāʿ: with a ḍammah on the kāf and a fatḥah on the rāʾ, then an alif, ending with a dotless ʿayn, patterned like ghurāb; it designates horses and weaponry.
• ʿuddah: with a ḍammah on the ʿayn and a shaddah on the dāl; whatever is made ready—wealth, arms, or the like—for war.
Lessons derived from the ḥadith
- We have already noted that Banū al-Naḍīr were one of the Jewish clans living around Madinah. The Prophet ﷺ made a treaty with them that they would neither support him nor fight against him. They broke the pact, acted treacherously, and even plotted to kill the Prophet ﷺ. Consequently, he besieged them in their dwellings. The agreement ended with their leaving their homes, taking only what their camels could carry of their belongings—excluding weapons—while the remainder of their property became fayʾ.
- The wealth of Banū al-Naḍīr, obtained by treaty, was classified as fayʾ to be spent on the community’s welfare; it was not ghanīmah (battle-spoils), which are distributed among the combatants after one-fifth is set aside.
- Concerning the wealth of Banū al-Naḍīr, Allah the Exalted says: “Whatever Allah restored to His Messenger from them—you did not spur on horse or camel for it. Rather, Allah gives His messengers authority over whom He wills, and Allah has power over all things” (al-Hashr 59:6). He also says: “Whatever Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns is for Allah, the Messenger, near relatives, orphans, the needy, and the stranded traveler” (al-Hashr 59:7).
- Fayʾ is property taken rightfully from unbelievers without combat: wealth they abandon in fear of us, or pay under duress, plus one-fifth of the quintupled spoils, the jizyah, the kharāj, and similar revenues. This belonged to the Prophet ﷺ; his maintenance and that of his family for one full year were provided from it. After his passing ﷺ, it remains for his kin—Banū Hāshim and Banū al-Muṭṭalib—and for the Muslims’ interests, with priority given to what is most important.
التي تركب للجهاد، ولغيره من مصالح الدين والدنيا.
- الكُراع: -بضم الكاف، وفتح الراء، ثم ألف، آخره عين مهملة بزنة غُراب- هو اسم للخيل، والسلاح.
- عُدَّة: -بضم العين، وتشديد الدال-: ما يعد من مالٍ، وسلاحٍ، أو غير ذلك للحرب.
* ما يؤخذ من الحديث:
١ - تقدم أنَّ بني النضير هي إحدى قبائل اليهود المقيمة حول المدينة، وأنَّ النَّبيَّ ﷺ عاهدهم على ألا يكونوا معه، ولا عليه، ثم إنَّهم نكثوا العهد، وغدروا، فأرادوا قتل النبي ﷺ، فحاصرهم النبي ﷺ في ديارهم، وانتهى الصلح معهم بأن يخرجوا من ديارهم، وليس معهم إلاَّ ما حملته الإبل من متاعهم إلاَّ السلاح، وما بقي من أموالهم فهو فيء.
٢ - كانت أموال بني النضير بالصلح من الفيء الذي يصرف في مصالح المسلمين، وليس من الغنيمة، التي تقسم بعد أخذ الخُمس منها على المجاهدين.
٣ - قال تعالى في أموال بني نضير: ﴿وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (٦)﴾ [الحشر].
وقال: ﴿مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ [الحشر: ٧].
٤ - الفيء هو: ما أخذ من مال كافر بحق بغير قتال، فالمال الذي يتركونه فزعًا منَّا، أو بذلوه خوفًا منا، وخمس خُمس الغنيمة، والجزية، والخراج، ونحو ذلك، فهذا للنبي ﷺ، نفقته منه، ونفقة أهله مدة سنة، أما بعد وفاته ﷺ فيبقى لأقاربه، وهم بنو هاشم، وبنو المطلب، ولمصالح المسلمين، الأهم