and to Islam.

Safe-conduct (amān) comes in different levels:
• The imām may grant it to all the polytheists, for his authority is universal.
• A military commander may grant it to the inhabitants of a particular town or tribe that he has been deputed to fight, because the mandate to wage war against them has been placed in his hands.
• Any individual Muslim—even a woman—may extend it to a single person, to ten people, to a small caravan, or to a minor fortress.

Once a Muslim has validly granted safe-conduct, the imām is not allowed to annul it, unless he has reason to fear treachery from the one who received it. Under the protection of amān, it is forbidden to kill, capture, or enslave the protected person.

Those who are under such protection may reside in our territories for the entire term of the safe-conduct without paying jizya, for their stay entails no obligation to do so.