1127 – Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them) said, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to grant some of the detachments he dispatched an extra allotment that was theirs alone, apart from the general distribution to the rest of the army.” Agreed upon (1).

Points derived from the hadiths:
1 – Hadith 1123 shows the lawfulness of sending out detachments against the enemy to sap his power and equipment and to strike fear into him.
2 – Any booty taken by an independent detachment from a group of unbelievers belongs exclusively to that detachment; other Muslims have no share in it, save for the khums (one-fifth) that is treated like the fayʾ revenue.
3 – However great the booty, it is divided among the fighters of the detachment according to their shares: one share for an infantryman and three shares for a horseman—one for the rider and two for his horse.
4 – The leader may award the combatants of a detachment an additional bonus over and above their allotted shares, as he sees fit, in appreciation of their striving and sincerity, and to encourage them and others to engage in jihad.
5 – Hadith 1124, by contrast, describes the division of booty among the members of the main army: the foot-soldier receives one share, while the horseman receives three—one for himself and two for his mount—in recognition of his valor and the hardship he bears in war. Horses play a major role in jihad, charging, retreating, and storming the enemy. The Exalted said:

“By the galloping chargers that pant,
striking sparks of fire,
launching raids at dawn,
raising therein clouds of dust,
and piercing into the midst of the enemy.” [Al-ʿĀdiyāt 1-5]

He also said:

“And prepare against them whatever forces you can and the tethered steeds of war, by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy, and others besides them whom you do not know; Allah knows them.” [Al-Anfāl 60]