and dislodging them from positions of power and from obstructing the path of the daʿwah. It is therefore only natural that fighting should cease whenever the callers have succeeded in establishing the Islamic message; for the ultimate objective of combat in Islam clearly requires that warfare be halted against any people who agree to enter Islam.

8 – This hadith and others like it provide unmistakable evidence for the position held by the verifying scholars and by the great majority of the early and later generations: when a person embraces the religion of Islam with firm conviction, that alone suffices; he is not obliged to study the rational proofs formulated by the scholastic theologians, nor to know Allah by means of those proofs. Those who deem such study obligatory and make it a condition for belonging to the people of the qiblah are plainly in error. What is required is resolute affirmation, and that has already been attained, for the Prophet ﷺ accepted a person’s affirmation of what he brought and did not stipulate knowledge of the underlying proofs.

Numerous hadiths corroborate this point; taken together they yield certain knowledge. Allah knows best.