Tawḍīḥ al-Aḥkām - Abd Allah al-Bassam - (6/355)

Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

1103 – Sulaymān ibn Buraydah narrated from his father (may Allah be pleased with him):

Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ placed someone in command of an army or a detachment, he would first advise him personally to fear Allah and to treat the Muslims under his authority well. Then he would say:

“Advance in the name of Allah, for the cause of Allah. Fight those who deny Allah. March forth, but do not embezzle (the spoils), do not act treacherously, do not mutilate, and do not kill a child.

When you meet your enemy from among the polytheists, invite them to three alternatives; accept whichever one they choose and refrain from fighting them. Invite them to Islam—if they accept, take it from them. Then invite them to migrate from their land to the Abode of the Emigrants; if they refuse, inform them that they will be like the desert-dwelling Muslims, with no share of the war-booty or the fayʾ unless they wage jihad alongside the Muslims. If they refuse, ask them for the jizyah; if they agree, accept it from them. Should they refuse, seek Allah’s help against them and fight them.

If you lay siege to the people of a fortress and they request that you grant them the covenant of Allah and the covenant of His Prophet, do not do so; rather grant them your own covenant, for breaking your own covenant is lighter for you than breaking the covenant of Allah. And if they ask you to render judgment over them according to Allah’s ruling, do not do so; instead, judge them by your own ruling—for you do not know whether you will coincide with Allah’s ruling concerning them or not.”

Recorded by Muslim. (1)

Vocabulary:
– “In his personal affairs (fi khāṣṣatihi)”: connected to the phrase “fear Allah”; it refers to what pertains exclusively to his own private matters.

(1) Sahih Muslim, no. 1731.

١١٠٣ - وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ﵄ قَال: "كانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ، أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ، أَوْصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّتِهِ بتَقْوَى اللهِ، وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اغْزُوا، عَلَى اسْمِ اللهِ، فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كفَرَ بِاللهِ، اغْزُوا وَلاَ تَغُلُّوا، وَلاَ تَغْدِرُوا، وَلاَ تُمَثِّلُوا، وَلاَ تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا، وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ، فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلاَثِ خِصَالٍ، فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا، فَاقْبلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَكُفَّ عَنْهُم: ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الإِسْلاَمِ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبلْ مِنْهُم، ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ المُهَاجِرِينَ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا، فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كأَعْرَابِ المُسْلِمِينَ، وَلاَ يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِي الغَنِيمَةِ وَالفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ المُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَاسْأَلْهُمُ الجِزْيَةَ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبلْ مِنْهُمْ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِاللهِ تَعَالَى، وَقَاتِلْهُمْ، وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللهِ، وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ، فَلاَ تفْعَلْ، وَلكِنْ اجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ؛ فَإِنَكُمْ إِنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ، أَهْوَنُ مِنْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللهِ، وَإِذَا أَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللهِ فَلاَ تَفْعَلْ، بلْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ؛ فَإِنَّكَ لاَ تَدْرِي أَتُصِيبُ فِيِهمْ حُكْمَ اللهِ تَعَالَى، أَمْ لاَ؟ " أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ (١). ــ * مفردات الحديث: - في خاصَّته: متعلق بـ"تقوى الله"، وخاصته: ما يخص نفسه من شؤونه.

(١) مسلم (١٧٣١).