of disbelief to the lands of Islam has not been abrogated; its ruling remains in force.

It is stated in Sharh al-Iqnaʿ: “The ruling on emigration is still in effect and will not cease until the Day of Resurrection, for Abu Dawud relates from Muʿawiyah that the Prophet ﷺ said: ‘Emigration will not end until repentance ends, and repentance will not end until the sun rises from the west.’”

Hence, emigration is obligatory for anyone who cannot practice his religion openly in a land at war with Islam. As for someone who can display his religion openly, it is recommended for him to emigrate so that he may avoid augmenting the numbers of the unbelievers, mixing with them, and witnessing the wrongdoing among them.

9 – Emigration is of two categories:

1. Emigration from Makka to Madina. This was attained solely by those Companions who carried it out; it ended with the Conquest of Makka—may Allah honor it.

2. Emigration from an abode of disbelief to an abode of Islam, or from an abode of innovation to an abode of the Sunnah. A Sunni Muslim is instructed to emigrate to a place where he can openly perform the rites of his faith, lest he be tempted away from it or harmed.