Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

1052 – ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (may Allah be pleased with him) once delivered a sermon in which he said: “Allah sent Muhammad with the truth and revealed to him the Book. Among what He revealed to him was the verse of rajm (stoning). We recited it, memorised it, and understood it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ carried out stoning, and we did so after him. I fear that, when a long time has passed, someone may say, ‘We do not find stoning in the Book of Allah,’ and thereby the people will go astray by abandoning an obligation that Allah revealed. Indeed, stoning is a prescribed right in the Book of Allah upon every man or woman who commits fornication after having been muḥṣan (previously married): once legal proof is established, or pregnancy appears, or there is a confession.” Agreed upon. (1)

Glossary of the ḥadith:
– “the verse of rajm”: in the nominative, functioning as the subject of “was,” with its predicate being the adverbial phrase. The verse is: “Al-shaykh wa’l-shaykhah idhā zanayā farjumūhumā al-battata nakālan min Allāh, wa-Allāhu ʿazīz ḥakīm — ‘Should the elderly man and elderly woman commit fornication, stone them both outright as a deterrent decree from Allah; and Allah is Mighty, Wise.’”
– “aḥṣan”: from the root ḥ-ṣ-n, denoting protection and fortification. A secure place is described as ḥaṣīn. A man becomes muḥṣan when he has had intercourse within a valid marriage. The active participle is muḥṣin (with kasrah on the Ṣ); the form with fatḥah, muḥṣan, is passive. A lawfully married woman is termed muḥṣanah (with fatḥah on the Ṣ), an irregular pattern. In the Quran a woman is called muḥṣanah for four qualities: embracing Islam, chastity, lawful marriage, and freedom.
– “waʿaynāhā”: the verb waʿā/yaʿī/waʿyan means to preserve something in memory and grasp it fully.

(1) Al-Bukhari, no. 6829; Muslim, no. 1691.
١٠٥٢ - وَعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الخَطَّاب ﵁ أَنَّهُ خَطَبَ فَقَالَ: "إِنَّ اللهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا بِالحَقِّ، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الكِتَابَ، فَكَانَ فِيْمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ آيَةُ الرَّجْمِ، قَرَأْنَاهَا، وَوَعَيْنَاهَا، وَعَقَلْنَاهَا، فَرَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ورَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ، فَأَخْشَى إِنْ طَالَ بِالنَّاسِ زَمَانٌ، أَنْ يَقُولَ قَائِلٌ: مَا نَجِدُ الرَّجْمَ فِي كِتَاب اللهِ، فَيَضِلُّوا بِتَرْكِ فَرِيْضَةٍ أنْزَلَهَا اللهُ، وَإِنَّ الرَّجْمَ حَقٌّ فِي كتَابِ اللهَ تَعَالَى عَلَا مَنْ زَنَى، إِذَا أَحْصَنَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، إِذَا قَامَتِ البَيِّنَةُ، أَوْ كَانَ الحَبلُ، أَوِ الاعْتِرَافُ". مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ (١). ــ * مفردات الحديث: - آية الرجم: بالرفع، اسم "كان"، وخبرها الظرف. وآية الرجم هي: "الشيخ والشيخة إذا زنيا فارجموهما ألبتة نكالاً من الله، والله عزيز حكيم ". - أحصن: مادة "حصن" تدل علها المناعة، فيقال: مكان حصين؛ أي: منيع، وأحصن الرجل: إذا وطىء في نكاح صحيح، واسم الفاعل من "أحصن" محصِن، بكسر الصاد، وأما فتحها فاسم مفعول، والمرأة المصانة في نكاح صحيح: مِحصَنة، بفتح الصاد على غير قياس، والمرأة سميت: محصنة في القرآن في أربع صفات: بالإسلام، والعفاف، والتزويج، والحرية. - وَعَيْنَاهَا: وَعَي الحديث يعيه وعيًا: حفظه وجمعه.
(١) البخاري (٦٨٢٩)، مسلم (١٦٩١).

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