and outside them, with the intent of assaulting a person’s honor, life, or property.
The second: the consumption of intoxicants and narcotics of every kind, together with their promotion and smuggling. These practices have led to their widespread use and to some deviants becoming addicted, so that their morals have been corrupted, their resolve sapped, and they have gone on to commit criminal acts.
His Majesty noted that nothing can eradicate these problems except the imposition of immediate, deterrent punishments, within the limits laid down by the purified Islamic law, for protracted procedures in such matters delay the execution of the penalty and cause the crime to be forgotten.
His Eminence therefore referred the matter to the Council so that the requested study might be undertaken. When the Council examined the issue, it concluded that it required a thorough and deliberate study, that the Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Iftāʾ should prepare a paper on it, and that the topic should then be discussed in the eighteenth session. Accordingly, it issued Decision No. (83), dated 23/7/1401 AH, which recommended that a circular be sent to the bodies charged with combating and investigating crime and to the courts, instructing the officials concerned to give these crimes priority in consideration and disposition, and to accord them the utmost attention with a speed that does not compromise the precision their work demands.
During the eighteenth session of the Council of Senior Scholars, held in the city of Ṭāʾif from 29/10/1401 AH to 11/11/1401 AH, the Council considered the matter, reviewed the study prepared by the Permanent Committee, and, after extensive discussion and deliberation, reached the following conclusions:
First: Concerning the cases of armed robbery and kidnapping:
The Council noted the jurists’ statement that, in general, the rulings of the Sharia revolve around the obligation to safeguard the five indispensable interests (al-ḍarūriyyāt al-khams) and to ensure the means for their preservation: religion, life, honor, intellect,