1038 – Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “ʿAmmār will be killed by the transgressing faction.” Reported by Muslim. (1)

Vocabulary of the ḥadith
• al-fiʾah: patterned like “ʿid.” It means a group or party of people; the final hāʾ replaces an original yāʾ, for the root form is fiʾay and the plural fiʾāt. Al-Kuliyyāt defines fiʾah as “the manifest group whose members mutually support one another.” Al-Taʿrīfāt adds that fiʾah refers to the detachment positioned behind the main army so the soldiers may fall back on it if routed, as in Allah’s words, “or retreat to a supporting group” (Q 8:16).
• al-bāghiyah: from baghā ʿalā (“to transgress against, to wrong”); baghy is aggression and injustice.

Points derived from the ḥadith

1. When the rebellious Khārijites assassinated the rightly guided Caliph ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān (may Allah be pleased with him), the people of influence and authority in Madinah and elsewhere pledged allegiance to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (may Allah be pleased with him), thereby establishing his caliphate over the Muslims.
2. Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān—who had been governor of Syria under ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb and later under ʿUthmān, may Allah be pleased with them all—refused to pledge allegiance to ʿAlī. He argued that the killers of his cousin ʿUthmān were aligned with ʿAlī and demanded that they be handed over so that justice could be served.
   Consequently the Muslims divided into two camps: one supporting the fourth Caliph, ʿAlī, and the other supporting Muʿāwiyah, who insisted on bringing to account those responsible for the wrongful killing of the Caliph.