1036 – Ibn ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with them both, reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Whoever takes up arms against us is not one of us.” Agreed upon (1).

Points derived from the hadith

1. Baghy (rebellion) has many meanings: injustice, working corruption, deviating from the truth, and every action that brings about mischief on earth.
2. Here, baghy refers specifically to rising up against the legitimate Muslim ruler without right; the rebel is the one who abandons the obedience he owes the imam without justification.
3. If a group does that and breaks away from obedience, the imam must first summon them and clarify their misconceptions. Should they persist, he begins fighting them until they return to Allah’s command.
4. The populace is obliged to stand with the imam, assist, and support him when a group possessing force and power rises against him and tears the bond of obedience.
5. The hadith establishes the prohibition of bearing arms against Muslims. Whoever does so and terrifies them has deviated and separated himself from the Muslim community and its ranks.
6. Islam is a religion of harmony and unity. Allah the Exalted says, “Hold fast, all of you together, to the rope of Allah and do not be divided” (Āl ʿImrān 3:103); and He says, “Truly, this community of yours is one community” (al-Anbiyāʾ 21:92). Division, dissension, and mutual hostility run counter to Islam and its teachings. Allah also says, “And do not be like those who became divided and differed after clear proofs had come to them; for such people there is a tremendous punishment” (Āl ʿImrān 3:105).
7. Whoever bears arms against Muslims—if he deems fighting them lawful, he is a disbeliever; and if he