bears the liability for whatever the other party loses, whether in life or property.

5 – a) Subject to the elaboration that follows: the basic rule is that the direct agent is liable even if he has not acted wrongfully, whereas the indirect agent is not liable unless he has acted wrongfully or negligently.

b) When a direct agent and an indirect agent are both involved, liability rests with the direct agent alone—unless the indirect agent was at fault and the direct agent was not.

c) If two distinct causes, each of which contributes to the harm, are present, each of the responsible parties bears liability in proportion to his share of the harm. If their shares are equal, or if the respective degrees of contribution cannot be determined, the liability is divided equally between them. And Allah knows best.