the chest, the back, the throat, or any similar location.

– al-munaqqilah (the displacing fracture): a scalp wound that exposes the skull, shatters it, and moves the bone fragments by breaking them.

– al-muḍiḥah (the exposing wound): a scalp or facial laceration that uncovers the whiteness of the skull without fracturing it; it is confined to the head and face.

Lessons drawn from the ḥadīth
1 – Retaliatory execution (qiṣāṣ) is established when a protected Muslim is killed deliberately and unjustly.

2 – Blood-money (diyah) is due for intentional, aggressive homicide if the victim’s heirs accept it, if qiṣāṣ is barred for some reason, or if it lapses for a recognized cause.

3 – The full diyah for taking a life is one hundred camels. According to the school, the five kinds of livestock are all original bases, but the stronger opinion is that camels are the primary basis and the others merely substitutes.

4 – Evidence that camels are the original basis and the rest substitutes includes:
• Aggravated or mitigated valuations apply only to camels and to no other livestock.
• All diyahs for injuries short of homicide are calculated in camels.
This view is a strong narration within the school and has been preferred by some of its leading jurists.

5 – Human organs are of three types: single organs such as the nose, tongue, and penis; paired organs such as the two eyes, ears, and testes; and quadripartite organs such as the four eyelids. A single organ like the nose carries the full diyah; where the organ comes in pairs, the full diyah is for both together and half for one; where there are four, the full diyah is for all four and one quarter for each individual part.

6 – The maʾmūmah is a wound that reaches the “mother of the brain,” a thin membrane