reviewed the files on abortion received from the Military Hospital in Riyadh, together with the relevant scholarly opinions. After careful study, discussion, and consideration of the symptoms and dangers that may befall a pregnant woman at the various stages of gestation; in view of the differences among physicians in some of their determinations; as a precaution so that expectant mothers will not rush to terminate a pregnancy for the slightest reason; in order to avert harm and secure benefit; and because some people may treat abortion lightly even though it is prohibited by the Sharia—therefore, the Council of Senior Scholars rules as follows:
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It is impermissible to terminate a pregnancy at any stage except for a legitimate Sharʿī reason and only within very narrow limits.
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If the pregnancy is still in its first stage—the initial forty days—and aborting it would realize a Sharʿī benefit or avert an expected harm, termination is allowed. However, aborting during this period out of fear of the hardship of raising children, concern over the costs of their maintenance and education, worry about their future, or because the couple already have enough children, is not permissible.
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Once the embryo has become an ʿalaqah (clinging clot) or a muḍghah (chewed-lump stage), abortion is not permitted unless a trustworthy medical committee determines that continuing the pregnancy endangers the mother’s safety and that there is a real fear she may die if it continues. In that case, termination is permissible, but only after every possible means of averting that danger has been exhausted.
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After the third stage, once the pregnancy has completed four months, it is unlawful to abort unless a group of reliable specialist physicians agree that leaving the fetus in the womb will cause the mother’s death, and that conclusion is reached only after all means of saving both lives have been tried. Permission to abort under these conditions is granted solely to repel the greater of the two harms and to secure the greater of the two benefits.
In adopting the foregoing, the Council advises God-fearing piety and careful verification in this matter. Allah grants success. May blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his Companions.