Modern medical and psychological research now confirms that a period of two full years is essential for a child’s sound development—both physical and emotional. Yet the grace of Allah toward the Muslim community did not wait for people to discover this through their own experience; Allah is Compassionate to His servants, especially these small, fragile beings who need affection and care.
2 – Hadith no. (984) indicates that breastfeeding establishes the marital prohibition only when the milk reaches the intestines and expands them. A small amount that does not penetrate, open, and enlarge the intestines does not create such a prohibition. Thus the effective nursing is that which occurs during infancy before weaning, and this is the view of the majority of scholars.
3 – Hadith no. (985) shows that the nursing which carries the prohibition—so that what is forbidden through lineage becomes forbidden through breastfeeding—is the nursing that takes place within the two-year period. This agrees with the noble verse: “Mothers shall breastfeed their children for two full years—for those who wish to complete the term of suckling” (Al-Baqarah 2:233).
4 – Hadith no. (986) demonstrates that the breastfeeding recognized by the Law is that which strengthens and fortifies the bones and causes the flesh to grow so that the bones are covered; this happens only in early childhood.
5 – The three hadiths therefore concur on one meaning: the nursing that produces the marital prohibition is that from which the body is nourished and benefits, and this takes place during infancy, the period of suckling. Allah knows best.
Scholarly disagreement:
The scholars have differed over the time limit that determines the prohibition. The three Imams—Mālik, al-Shāfiʿī, and Aḥmad—maintained that the breastfeeding which renders marriage unlawful is that which occurs within the first two years; if it exceeds that, even by a very slight amount, no prohibition is established.
This opinion is also reported from ʿUmar, ʿAlī, Ibn ʿUmar, Ibn ʿAbbās, and Ibn