their usual grammatical force has been neutralized, so the two particles have merged into a single device of restriction that does the job of a negation followed by “except,” and thus conveys exclusivity.

• buḍʿah: the initial bāʾ may carry either fatḥah or kasrah, followed by a quiescent ḍād; it refers to a piece of flesh or the like.

• min-ka (of you): meaning a part of your own body, such as the hand, the leg, and similar limbs.