incumbent upon a man to act justly to the extent that he is able, while whatever lies beyond his capacity incurs no sin. The Almighty says, “You will never be able to deal equally between wives, even if you are keen to do so; therefore do not incline altogether…” (Qur’an 4:129). Complete, flawless justice is simply beyond human reach.
2 – One aspect of the justice that is obligatory is what these two hadiths prescribe: if a man marries while already having a wife or more, then when the new wife is a virgin he stays with her seven nights before rotating among his wives, but if she is previously married he stays three nights and then resumes his rotation.
3 – After the three nights, the husband offers the previously-married bride the choice: if she wishes, he will remain with her for seven nights and thereafter stay seven with each of his other wives; or, if she prefers, she may settle for the original three, after which he will give each wife her single allotted night.
4 – It is permissible for the husband to stay more than one night with the new bride upon first consummating the marriage. This honors her arrival, puts her at ease in her new home, and clearly signals his affection.
5 – The difference between a virgin and a previously-married woman in the length of stay is because a virgin is unfamiliar with her husband and has just left her family, so she needs extra companionship to dispel her sense of estrangement.
6 – The hadiths draw attention to the value of welcoming a newcomer: honoring the guest, easing his or her loneliness, and speaking to them in a friendly manner.
7 – They also highlight the excellence of gentle, affectionate speech with one’s wife, as in his words, “It is not that you are slighted in the eyes of your people.”
8 – Likewise, they show the benefit of paving the way and preparing a person for what one intends to do or say when there is a risk that he or she might misinterpret it as aversion or lack of desire.
9 – The option of three or seven nights belongs to the previously-married bride, not to the husband; the right