and women; or if it is one of those gatherings of extravagance and ostentation; or if the host’s wealth contains anything unlawful—usury, bribery, the wrongful seizure of another’s property, and the like. When any of these matters are present, accepting the invitation is no longer obligatory; indeed, it becomes forbidden.
Al-Ṭayyibī, in his commentary on al-Mishkāt, listed further excuses that lift the duty of acceptance: suspicion that the food itself is unlawful; restricting the invitation to the rich while excluding the poor; inviting someone out of fear of his harm or in hope of his influence or wealth; seeking his help in wrongdoing; the presence of an objectionable act such as wine, prohibited amusements, silk upholstery, or images of living creatures, and similar matters. If the invitee apologizes and the host accepts the excuse, the obligation falls away.
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The invitation is only obligatory to answer on the first day; if it is issued for later days there is no obligation. On the second day responding is recommended, while on the third it is disliked—or even forbidden.
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It has become the prevailing custom that the food of a walimah is the worst of food and its gathering the worst of gatherings: invitations go only to dignitaries and the wealthy, who attend not out of eagerness for the fare but merely to oblige the host, whereas the poor—who most need the food—are prevented from entering and turned away at the door. Let this serve as an admonition and a reminder to the Muslim not to follow that path; instead, he should make it a lawful invitation, calling relatives, friends, the poor, and the rich, each according to his rank and due.
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What is obligatory is answering the invitation, not eating the food itself. If the invitee is observing an obligatory fast he must not break it; rather, he should inform the host of his fast so that the latter will not think he dislikes the food. It is related in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim and elsewhere that the Prophet ﷺ said: “When any one of you is invited to a meal while he is fasting, let him say, ‘I am fasting.’ ”
If the fast is voluntary, and breaking it to eat would gladden the host and please the other guests by sharing their meal, then he should break it; otherwise, he should offer supplication for them and complete his fast.