spouses so that you might find tranquility in them, and He has set between you affection and mercy; surely in that are signs for a people who give thought. (Q 30:21)
This noble bond between the two spouses has received exceptional attention in Islam. The religion commands kind treatment, patience, and endurance. When something arises that disturbs this atmosphere, Islam instructs the parties to clear the air through a graded series of measures, taken step by step by the one seeking reform, until the matter is resolved:
First: Admonition and counsel. Some women respond to this form of discipline. Allah says: “As for those from whom you fear nushūz, admonish them.” (Q 4:34)
Second: Turning away from her in the bed and abstaining from intimacy. This remedy can produce good results, for separation in the marital bed is a powerful psychological treatment that deprives her of the pleasure and enjoyment she most desires. Allah says: “and forsake them in their beds.” (Q 4:34)
Third: A non-injurious beating. Allah says: “and strike them.” (Q 4:34) Striking is a remedy to which one resorts only when necessary and in difficult situations.
Fourth: If these means fail, and she persists in her defiance, haughtiness, and poor companionship, the need then calls for averting the rupture by appointing an arbiter from his family and an arbiter from hers: “If they both desire reconciliation, Allah will bring about agreement between them.” (Q 4:35)
Fifth: If harmony cannot be restored and reconciliation proves impossible, the predominant view of the school is that the husband is not compelled to separate from her. A second opinion holds that he is obliged to grant her khulʿ, annulment, or divorce—whether with compensation or without. Among those who adopted this view are Shaykh al-Islam [Ibn Taymiyyah], Ibn al-Qayyim, Ibn Mufliḥ; it is also reported from some Hanbali judges. Shaykh Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm Āl al-Shaykh directs the judges of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to apply it whenever needed, citing the case of Thābit ibn Qays and the ḥadith, “No harm and no reciprocating harm.”