Summary of Inheritance:
We begin, as Allah began, with the fixed-share heirs—those whom Allah the Exalted has explicitly named and for whom He has assigned a definite portion. Once their entitlements are known, we mention those who take whatever remains of the estate, namely the agnates.

The fixed shares stipulated in the Book of Allah are six:
1 – One-half.
2 – One-quarter.
3 – One-eighth.
4 – Two-thirds.
5 – One-third.
6 – One-sixth.

Each share has its rightful beneficiary or beneficiaries.

1 – One-half: This share goes to the daughter and to the granddaughter through a son, regardless of how far down the line she is, in accordance with His words: “If she is an only daughter, she shall receive one-half” (Q. 4:11). A son’s daughter is treated as a daughter for this purpose. This ruling is unanimously accepted, provided that no other children survive with her.

– The same one-half is the husband’s share, on condition that the deceased wife leaves no child, male or female, as Allah says: “And you shall have one-half of what your wives leave if they have no child” (Q. 4:12).

– One-half is likewise the prescribed share of the full sister—and, in her absence, of the consanguine sister—provided that there is no inheriting descendant, none of the relevant ascendants, and that each of them is alone, without a brother or sister of equal rank. Allah says: “If a person dies leaving no child and he has one sister, she shall have one-half of what he leaves” (Q. 4:176). This applies, by consensus, to the sister through both parents and to the sister through the father only.