Lessons Derived from the Ḥadith
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Bashīr ibn Saʿd al-Anṣārī al-Khazrajī brought his son al-Nuʿmān to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, to have him witness a gift: he had given the boy a slave. The Prophet asked, “Have you given each of your children a slave like this one?” He replied, “No.” The Prophet said, “Fear Allah and treat your children justly.” Bashīr therefore returned and revoked that gift.
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It is obligatory to maintain equity among one’s children and it is forbidden to favor some of them over others or to single out any of them for special treatment.
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Such preferential treatment is injustice and oppression; it is impermissible to bear or to give testimony approving it.
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The scholars state that anyone who violates this—by favoring some of his children in a gift—must be reproved, for it is unfair and unjust. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, rebuked Bashīr for that very reason.
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This censure applies only when the preference lacks a legitimate reason recognized by the Sacred Law. Where a sound reason exists, distinction is allowed—such as when one child is poor while the others are well-off, is disabled and unable to earn, or is devoted to seeking knowledge while the rest are busy with worldly pursuits. In these cases, singling out a child is permissible. Abū Bakr favored ʿĀʾishah with the produce of twenty wasqs of dates, giving it to her alone; ʿUmar favored his son ʿĀṣim with a particular grant; and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf favored the children of Umm Kulthūm. These actions were known to the Companions and none of them objected, which constitutes consensus. They granted preference only for a reason they deemed valid; favoritism based solely on personal bias remains forbidden.
Shaykh Ḥamad ibn Nāṣir ibn Muʿammar said: If a parent prefers some of his children for a reason such as poverty or disability, the matter is disputed. Al-Muwaffaq (Ibn Qudāmah) held it to be permissible, citing the case of ʿĀʾishah and her father as evidence, and he reinforced this view in al-Inṣāf.