Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam
  1. Perfecting wuḍūʾ is achieved by completing it and letting the water flow thoroughly so that it covers the entire limb being washed.

  2. The Prophet ﷺ threatened the heels in particular with the Fire because they are the parts most often left dry. The warning, therefore, is directed at the person whose heels remain unwashed, since in their ablution they used to neglect washing their feet completely.

  3. The ḥadith recommends moving a ring—or a wrist-watch—while washing the hand in order to be certain that the water reaches the skin beneath it.

  • Scholarly disagreement:
    The majority of scholars hold that every limb included in wuḍūʾ must be washed in its entirety, citing the authentic report, “Woe to the heels from the Fire.”
    Imām Abū Ḥanīfah is reported—according to various narrations—to have excused leaving half a limb, a quarter of it, or an area smaller than a dirham unwashed; however, the soundest view transmitted from him is that complete washing is obligatory.
٧ - أنَّ إحسان الوضوء هو بإتمامه وإسباغه؛ ليَعُمَّ جميعَ العضو المغسول. ٨ - خصَّ النَّبيُّ ﷺ الأعقابَ بالعقاب بالنَّار؛ لأنَّها التي لم تُغْسَلْ غالبًا، والمراد صاحبُ الأعقاب؛ لأنَّهم كانوا لا يَسْتَقْصُونَ غسل أرجلهم في الوضوء. ٩ - في الحديث استحبابُ تحريك الخاتَمِ والسَّاعة في اليد؛ ليحصل اليقين إلى وصولِ ماء الوضوءِ إلى ما تحت ذلك. * خلاف العلماء: ذهب جمهورُ العلماء: إلى وجوب استيعاب أعضاء الوضوء بالماء؛ لما ثبت في الصحيحين: "ويلٌ للأعقاب من النَّار". وذهب الإمام أبو حنيفة: إلى أنَّه يُعْفَى عن نصف العضو أو ربعه أو أقل من الدرهم، وهي روايات تحكى عنه، والصحيحُ عنه: أنَّه يجبُ الاستيعاب. ***

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