Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

For allowing the partner to reclaim his co-owner’s share from the purchaser at the very price he paid brings immense benefit to the pre-empting partner: it removes from him a considerable harm while inflicting none on either the seller or the buyer, for each of the latter two receives his full, undiminished right. This makes it clear that shufʿah is firmly rooted in the original legal principle and is perfectly consistent with sound analogy.

Ibn al-Qayyim remarked, “Shufʿah is among the Sharia’s finest features, a testament to its justice and its commitment to securing people’s interests. From this one sees that resorting to legal stratagems to abolish it contradicts the very purpose intended by the Lawgiver and stands in opposition to it.”

Indeed, the entire revealed law is goodness and blessing: it commands only what is wholly beneficial or whose benefit exceeds its harm, and it forbids only what is wholly harmful or whose harm outweighs its benefit. Exalted is Allah, the best of judges.

فإن انتزاع حصة الشريك بثمنه من المشتري، منفعةٌ عظيمةٌ للشريك الشافع، ودفع ضرر كبير عنه بلا ضرر يلحق البائع ولا المشتري، فكل منهما أخذ حقه كاملاً غير منقوص، وبهذا يعلم أنَّ الشفعة جاءت على الأصل، ووفق القياس. قال ابن القيم: هي من محاسن الشريعة وعدلها، وقيامها بمصالح العباد، ومنها يعلم أنَّ التحايل لإسقاطها مناقض لهذا المعنى الذي قصده الشارع ومضاد له. والشرع كله خير وبركة، فلا يأمر إلاَّ بما تكمل مصلحته، أو تزيد مصلحته على مفسدته. ولا ينهى إلاَّ عمَّا فيه مضرة كاملة، أو مضرته ومفسدته تزيد على مصلحته، فتبارك الله أحسن الحاكمين. ***

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