It is incumbent upon the usurper to give back whatever he has taken; this comes under the general duty of restoring wrongfully seized rights to their owners.

Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Saʿdī said: “There are three situations in which human life and property become subject to liability:

1. A transgressive hand: this applies to anyone who lays his hand on another person’s property unjustly.

2. The direct hand: whoever destroys a protected life or property without right—whether intentionally, inadvertently, or out of ignorance—is liable.

3. The causative hand: whoever does what he is not entitled to do in another’s domain or in the public way, or causes destruction through an unauthorized act so that a life or property is lost because of his action, must make compensation.

If both a direct actor and a causal actor are involved, liability rests with the direct actor; but if it is impossible to hold him accountable, it shifts to the one who caused the harm."