the limits set by Allah, then there is no blame on either of them for what she gives to secure her release.” (2:229).
(c) Whatever Allah has forbidden us to overstep. The Almighty says, “These are the limits set by Allah, so do not transgress them.” (2:229).

2- In the jurists’ terminology, a ḥadd is a fixed punishment, legislated to prevent the commission of the like again. It is, therefore, a technical sharʿī reality. The Prophet ﷺ said to a man who had accused his wife, “Produce evidence, or else a ḥadd will strike your back.”

3- The ḥadith under discussion covers both types: suretyship is invalid for anyone upon whom a ḥadd is due, whether that ḥadd carries a fixed, specified punishment, or a discretionary punishment left to the judgment of the lawful ruler. Suretyship applies exclusively to pecuniary rights—specific property or a debt—because it is a guarantee through which the right can be recovered. As for corporal rights that attach to a person’s own body, they can only be exacted from that person himself, so suretyship is not valid in such cases.

4- Although the ḥadith has a weak chain of transmission, its meaning is sound: the principle of suretyship is established, and it is indeed invalid with respect to ḥadd punishments.