745 – ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “A woman may not give a gift except with her husband’s permission.”

In another wording: “A woman has no authority to dispose of her wealth once her husband has gained the marriage bond over her.” Recorded by Aḥmad and the compilers of the Sunan except al-Tirmidhī, and al-Ḥākim declared it authentic (1).

• Hadith grading:
  The report is ḥasan in both wordings; al-Ḥākim authenticated it, and al-Dhahabī agreed.

• Vocabulary:
  – ʿiṣmatuhā (her conjugal bond): Ibn Fāris states that the root ʿayn–ṣād–mīm conveys the meanings of holding fast and attachment. Al-Miṣbāḥ adds: the noun is ʿiṣmah, plural ʿiṣam; what is intended here is the marriage contract.

• Points derived from the hadith:
  1 – Allah Almighty says: “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women because Allah has favored some of them over others” (Qur’an 4:34). Thus the man is the head of the family and the master of the house by virtue of the broader intellect, deeper foresight, and clearer grasp of consequences Allah has granted him, and he is the one who bears the burden of toil—