Points derived from the ḥadīth:
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Lending by way of qard (an interest-free loan) is permissible and is not counted among the blameworthy forms of begging, for the borrower merely benefits from the object temporarily and then returns its like to its owner.
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Justice requires the borrower to return the exact equivalent of what he took. If, with no prior stipulation or tacit understanding, he repays with something better, there is no harm in that; it is not deemed a loan that has generated unlawful profit, because the surplus was neither intended nor anticipated.
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It is lawful to lend animals and to repay with another animal of the same kind.
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The best of people are those who settle their debts in the best manner: they repay without procrastination and recompense the lender’s kindness with further kindness—provided that such kindness was never made a condition of the loan.
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One may borrow on behalf of property under his care—such as an endowment (waqf), a bequest, or an orphan’s estate—when borrowing brings benefit or advantage to that property.
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Agency is permissible in these sorts of transactions; they may be delegated to another.
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Neither ribā al-faḍl (surplus interest) nor ribā al-nasīʾah (deferred interest) applies to animals, even when they are of the same species, because—according to the stronger opinion—the effective cause of ribā is measurability by weight or volume in items that are edible.
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The qualities of livestock can be precisely specified; consequently, they may be sold by description, and a salam (forward sale) contract is valid for them.
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Anyone entrusted with another’s property—whether as supervisor of a waqf, executor of a will, or guardian of a minor, an incompetent, or a prodigal—may dispose of that property, even if the transaction appears to favor a third party, so long as it genuinely secures a benefit for the estate under his care.
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The Muslim ruler may dispose of the public treasury (Bayt al-Māl) in whatever way he deems best and most beneficial.
Benefit:
If the value of silver coins (dirhams) drops while they are still in use, the borrower—according to the authoritative view of the school and the majority of its scholars—must repay the same number of coins, for a rise or fall in value does not remove the obligation of like-kind repayment.