Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

721 – Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muzābana: that a man sell the produce of his orchard—if it consists of date-palms—for a measured amount of dates; or, if it is a vineyard, that he sell it for a measured amount of raisins; or, if it is standing grain, that he sell it for a measured amount of food grain. He prohibited all of that.” Agreed upon.⦗1⦘

Lexical notes:
– muzābana: derived from zabana, “to push away,” for each party pushes the other away from his right. Technically, it is the sale of a specified quantity of a ribā-liable commodity for an unspecified amount of the same kind, such as selling dates still on the palms for a measured amount of dried dates.
– ḥāʾiṭihi: al-Nihāya explains that here it means an enclosed orchard of date-palms; its plural is ḥawāʾiṭ.
– karman: with a fatḥa on the kāf, a sukūn on the rāʾ, ending with a mīm; it denotes the grapevine, and here refers to the grapes themselves.
– zabīb: grapes that have been dried into raisins.

(1) Al-Bukhari, no. 2205; Muslim, no. 1542.
٧٢١ - وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ قَالَ: "نَهَى رَسُولُ الله ﷺ عنْ المُزَابَنَةِ: أن يَبِيْعَ ثَمَرَ حَائِطهِ، إِنْ كَانَ نَخْلًا، بِتَمْرٍ كيْلًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَرْمًا، أنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِزَبِيبٍ كيْلًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ زَرْعًا، أنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِكَيْلِ طَعَامٍ، نَهَى عَنْ ذلِكَ كُلِّهِ" مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْه (١). ــ * مفردات الحديث: - المزابنة: يُقال: زبنه بزبنة زبنًا: دفعه، فالزبن هو الدفع، فتزابن المتبايعان تدافعا، كأنَّ كل واحد منهما يزبن صاحبه عن حقه. وشرعًا: بيعُ ربويٍّ معلوم بمجهولٍ من جنسه، ومثالها بيع التمر في رؤوس النخل بالتمر مكيلًا. - حائطه: قال في النهاية: الحائط هاهنا البستان من النخيل، إذا كان عليه حائط: وهو الجدار، وجمعه حوائط. - كَرْمًا: بفتح الكاف وسكون الراء آخره ميم، شجر العنب، وأريد به هنا العنب نفسه. - زبيب: ما جفف من العنب. ...
(١) البخاري (٢٢٠٥)، مسلم (١٥٤٢).

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