What can be drawn from the two reports:
1 – When a person intercedes for someone else in any matter, the case will not be free of the following situations:
First: He intercedes to save the other person and remove an injustice that has befallen him. For whoever is able, this intercession is obligatory, and it is unlawful to take anything in return for it.
Second: He intercedes so that the other person may obtain something he does not deserve—such as a post or a position. Granting him that role and allowing him to occupy it is an injustice to him, to the party before whom the intercession is made, to the work itself, and to those who benefit from it. This intercession is forbidden, and whatever is taken for it is illicit.
Third: The intercession is for a permissible matter from which the beneficiary will gain some advantage. In this case, it is preferable for the intercessor to offer his help without payment or compensation, treating the act as pure benevolence. If he does accept something, it does not appear to be prohibited, and it falls under the Prophet’s words ﷺ: “Whoever does you a favor, repay him.”
Fourth: Interceding with regard to Allah’s prescribed punishments (ḥudūd) is forbidden once the case has reached the authorities or their deputies. Shaykh al-Islām said: “Intercession in a ḥadd is unlawful because the Prophet ﷺ said, ‘Whoever’s intercession prevents the enforcement of one of Allah’s limits has opposed Allah concerning His command.’ Likewise, accepting such an intercession is unlawful, as he ﷺ said, ‘Why did you not bring him to me before it was presented to me?’”
Fifth: Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Saʿdī said: If someone is given a gift so that he will withhold his harm, it is forbidden for him to accept it, for he is obliged to withhold his harm whether or not a gift is offered.
Sixth: Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Saʿdī also said: There are other cases in which accepting a gift is not prohibited—for instance, when a person has shown kindness to another and the recipient recompenses him. In such a situation there is no harm in the recompense or in accepting it.
2 – As for the bribe (rishwa), it is the payment of money to nullify a legitimate right or to obtain something illegitimate.