Second: No specific profit‐margin is prescribed that merchants must observe in their dealings. Rather, this is left to the prevailing conditions of commerce in general and to the particular circumstances of each trader and his goods, provided that the ethical directives of the sharīʿah—kindness, contentment, graciousness, and facilitation—are duly observed.

Third: The texts of Islamic law are unanimous that every transaction must be free of what is unlawful and its attendant forms, such as fraud, deception, misrepresentation, taking advantage of others’ ignorance, concealing the true profit, and hoarding, for all of these inflict harm on both the public and the private sectors.

Fourth: The authority only intervenes to fix prices when he detects a clear disturbance in the market and pricing caused by artificial factors. In that case, he may employ any just and practicable means to eliminate those factors and the resulting imbalances, high prices, and gross exploitation. Allah knows best.