for itself a larger share of the profit, whether or not the investor is acting as the working partner (ʿāmil) in a mudarabah (profit-sharing) contract with the bank.
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Najsh (fraudulent price inflation) is forbidden, and its forms include:
(a) For someone who has no intention of purchasing the item to raise its price in order to entice a genuine buyer to bid higher.
(b) For someone who does not wish to buy to feign admiration for the item, claim expertise, and lavish praise upon it so as to deceive the buyer and drive up the price.
(c) For the owner of the merchandise, or his agent or broker, to make the false claim that a certain price has already been offered, thereby misleading the bidder.
(d) Modern manifestations of najsh that are likewise prohibited include the use of audio, visual, or written media that attribute lofty qualities to the item which do not reflect reality, or that inflate the price so as to deceive the buyer and induce him to contract. Allah knows best. -
The fifth: “that a man proposes marriage over his brother’s proposal.”
Its meaning is for a man to seek a woman’s hand while she is already engaged to his Muslim brother, without the first suitor’s permission. The scholars unanimously agree that this is forbidden. Should he nevertheless marry her in this manner, he has, by consensus, disobeyed Allah; yet the marriage remains valid according to the majority of scholars, with only Dāwūd al-Ẓāhirī declaring it void. -
The jurists have identified situations in which proposing over an existing proposal is permissible, among them:
– the second suitor seeks and receives the first suitor’s explicit permission;
– the second suitor is unaware of the first proposal;
– the first proposal has been rejected;
– the first suitor withdraws and abandons the proposal.
In these cases the second suitor incurs no sin if he proposes. -
The sixth: “that a woman asks for the divorce of the other wife.”
Its meaning is that when a man proposes to a woman, she stipulates that he divorce his current wife,