in order to devise a way of making use of the fat; hence the pronoun in “jammalūhu” goes back to the fat, according to the interpretation already mentioned.

Points derived from the ḥadīth:

1 – This Muhammadan Islamic Sharīʿah has come with everything that secures human well-being and has warned against whatever brings harm to religion, bodies, minds, honor, or wealth.

2 – Khamr is forbidden in every respect: producing it, selling it, drinking it, and employing any means that facilitates it. Khamr is every intoxicant that befogs the mind, whatever its type, whether liquid or solid.

3 – If it is unlawful to consume, sell, or promote khamr, then substances that are even more corrupting and harmful are correspondingly more unlawful and more sinful—namely narcotics, which have ruined morals, dulled intellects, squandered wealth, undermined religion, and destroyed health.

4 – It is prohibited to eat carrion (maytah) or to benefit from it—its meat, fat, blood, nerves, or any part through which life once flowed—because of its filth, impurity, and the damage it does to bodies and health.

5 – The majority of scholars make an exception for hair, down, wool, and feathers that are detached from their roots, for they are not connected to the substance of the dead animal and so do not acquire its impurity. Since life does not permeate these items, the term maytah does not apply to them. The discussion of hides and the scholarly disagreement on that point appeared earlier in the chapter on vessels.

6 – It is forbidden to eat, sell, or even touch the khinzīr (swine), for it is vile and impure: it harms religion through impurity and shamelessness, harms the intellect by destroying the requisite sense of protective jealousy, and harms the body by transmitting diseases—all of which scientific research has confirmed.

7 – Also included with idols in the ruling of prohibition are the indecent images that appear in magazines, newspapers, and licentious films, which corrupt morals and cause