and turn to that which does not cause you to doubt.” (Ahmad 1630)

Al-Ghazālī said: The scrupulousness of the veracious (the ṣiddīqīn) is to abstain from anything one consumes unless the intention behind it is to gain strength for worship. The scrupulousness of the God-fearing is to forgo what is wholly free of doubt, fearing that it might lead to the unlawful. The scrupulousness of the righteous is to leave whatever carries a possibility of prohibition—provided that possibility is real; if it is not, then such abstention is merely the scrupulousness of the obsessive.

Ibn Taymiyyah stated: The difference between renunciation (zuhd) and scrupulous piety (waraʿ) is that zuhd is relinquishing what brings no benefit in the Hereafter, whereas waraʿ is avoiding what one fears may harm him in the Hereafter.

Ibn al-Qayyim remarked: This is among the most comprehensive and beautiful statements ever uttered about zuhd and waraʿ.

He further said: The correct assessment is that if worldly blessings distract a person from Allah, then renouncing them is better; but if they do not distract him from remembering Allah and he remains grateful while enjoying them, then his state is superior. Zuhd toward such blessings means detaching the heart from clinging to them and trusting in them.

Resolution of the Fiqh Council concerning intellectual property rights

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds. May blessings and peace be upon our master and Prophet Muḥammad, the Seal of the Prophets, and upon his family and Companions.

The Council of the Islamic Fiqh Academy, convened at its fifth session in Kuwait from 1–6 Jumada al-Ula 1409 AH (10–15 December 1988 CE), after reviewing the papers submitted by members and experts on the subject of intellectual rights and listening to the ensuing discussions, resolved:

First: The trade name, commercial title, trademark, and authorship,