resolved as follows:
1 – When the contracting parties are absent from one another, neither sharing the same place nor able to see or hear each other, and their means of communication is writing, correspondence, or the dispatch of a messenger—including telegram, telex, fax, and computer screens—the contract is deemed concluded once the offer reaches the addressee and he accepts it.
2 – When the contract is concluded by two parties at the same time while located in different places—such as by telephone or wireless transmission—it is treated as a contract between parties who are “present,” and the original rulings cited in the preamble apply.
3 – If the offeror uses these means to issue an offer for a fixed period, he is obliged to remain bound by that offer for the entire period and may not retract it.
4 – The above rules do not apply to marriage, because testimony is required; nor to ṣarf (currency exchange), because immediate hand-to-hand settlement is stipulated; nor to salam (forward sale), because prepayment of the price is required.
5 – Any potential issues of forgery, falsification, or error are to be adjudicated according to the general rules of evidence.

Resolution of the Fiqh Council on the Expropriation of Property for the Public Interest:
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the worlds; and may blessings and peace be upon our master Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets, and upon his family and companions.
The Council of the Islamic Fiqh Academy, in its fourth conference session held in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from 18 to 23 Jumada al-Akhirah 1408 AH (6 – 11