Tawḍīḥ al-AḥkāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

What may be inferred from the ḥadith:
1 The report shows that a pilgrim in a state of iḥrām for ḥajj or ʿumrah who is prevented from completing his rites—whether by a fracture, illness, or accident—may come out of iḥrām as soon as that impediment occurs.

2 Ibn al-Qayyim said: “Even if no explicit text had allowed the one obstructed by illness to exit iḥrām, analogy with the person held back by an enemy would establish it; how much more so when the plain wording of the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and analogy all support it.”

3 He must make up the pilgrimage the following year, for the Prophet ﷺ said, “and he must perform another ḥajj.”

4 ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with him) instructed anyone who missed the pilgrimage by failing to stand at ʿArafah to end his iḥrām with an ʿumrah, and then perform ḥajj the next year. If the missed pilgrimage was obligatory, the scholars are unanimous on this ruling; if it was voluntary, it remains the position of the majority.

5 Is a sacrificial animal (hady) required of him? The majority maintain that whoever misses the pilgrimage must offer a hady. A second narration from Aḥmad, however, holds that no hady is due, for if missing the rites itself necessitated a hady, a person prevented (muḥṣar) would be liable for two: one for the failure to complete the rites and another for the obstruction itself.

* ما يؤخذ من الحديث: ١ - يدل الحديث على أنَّ المحرم بحج أو عمرة إذا أصابه عذر منعه من إكمال نسكه: من كسرٍ، أو مرضٍ، أو حادثٍ، فإنَّه يحل من إحرامه بحصول ذلك المانع. ٢ - قال ابن القيم: لو لم يأت نص بحل المحصَر بالمرض لكان القياس على المحصر بالعدو يفيده، فكيف وظاهر القرآن والسنة والقياس يدل عليه. ٣ - عليه القضاء من قابل لقوله: "وعليه حجة أخرى". ٤ - أمر عمر ﵁ من فاته الحج بفوات الوقوف بعرفة أن يتحلل بالعمرة، ثم يحجٍ من قابل. لكن إن كان فرضا فهو موضع إجماع بين العلماء، وإن كان نفلاً فهو مذهب الجمهور. ٥ - هل يجب عليه الهدي؟ ذهب الجمهور إلى أنَّ على من فاته الحج الهدي، والرواية الأخرى عن أحمد: لا يجب عليه الهدي؛ لأنَّه لو كان الفوات سببًا لوجوب الهدي لزم الحصر هديان، هدي للقوات، وهدي للإحصار. ***

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