9 – It is obligatory to wash the forearms, including the elbows.

10 – It is obligatory to wipe the head. Shaykh al-Islam said: “The leading authorities are unanimous that the sunnah is to wipe the entire head, as established by authentic hadiths.”

11 – Because wiping is founded on ease, it is not legislated to repeat it; one limits it to a single pass, moving the wet hands forward and then back so that the wiping covers the whole head.

12 – The ears are counted as part of the head; therefore they are to be wiped with the same water used for the head, and no fresh water is taken for them.

13 – The hadith explicitly affirms the obligation to wash the feet, rebutting those who claim they should merely be wiped.

14 – It indicates the obligation of keeping the prescribed order of the limbs and maintaining continuity between them.

15 – What this hadith sets out is the Prophet’s ﷺ complete wudūʾ.

16 – Anyone performing wudūʾ—or any act of worship—should keep three matters in mind: (a) obedience to Allah, so that the act of worship looms large in his heart; (b) seeking closeness to Allah, so that he attains the station of watchfulness and perfects his worship; and (c) following the Prophet ﷺ, so that he achieves true conformity.

17 – The hadith contains both obligatory and recommended elements. A Muslim should carry out whatever the Law commands without pausing to ask whether it is obligatory or recommended; he does it out of obedience to Allah, imitation of His Prophet ﷺ, and pursuit of reward. Investigation of the ruling arises only when the act is left undone, to see whether what was omitted was obligatory or merely recommended—this concerns the worshipper himself. As for scholarly inquiry and the classification of rulings, that field distinguishes between the two.

18 – The hadith teaches by both word and deed—what educators today would call “instructional aids,” teaching through both hearing and sight.