– al-sufrah: with ḍammah on the ṣād and sukūn on the fāʾ; a yellowish tint lighter than red—the glow of the sun’s rays after it has set.

– ḥattā gharabat al-shams ḥattā ghāba al-qurṣ: al-Nawawī comments, “This wording appears in every manuscript. The clause ‘until the disk disappeared’ clarifies the phrase ‘the sun set and the yellowness vanished,’ for those expressions can be used figuratively of the disappearance of most of the disk. By saying ‘until the disk disappeared’ he forestalled that figurative reading.” Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ adds, “Perhaps the correct text is ‘when the disk disappeared.’ The first version is also possible if taken literally; the phrase ‘until the disk disappeared’ was introduced to ward off the suspicion of figurative speech.”

– dafaʿa: the Arabs say, “The flood water dafaʿa from the mountain” when it pours down. Here the verb means the ifāḍah—leaving ʿArafah for Muzdalifah.

– shanqa: to pull up and tighten, i.e., he drew in and shortened the rein.

– al-zimām: the cord attached to the ring set in a camel’s nose, by which the animal is led and restrained.

– mawriq: the part of the saddle on which the rider places his foot; the common folk call it the “mirka.”

– raḥl: the saddle placed on a camel’s back; it is also known as the kūr (with ḍammah on the kāf and sukūn on the wāw), a classical term.

– al-sakīnah, al-sakīnah: repeated twice—the first in the accusative, governed by an understood verb of exhortation (“maintain calm”), the second for emphasis. In travel, sakīnah is composure as opposed to haste; in other words, be tranquil and humble.

– ḥablan: a gentle mound of coarse sand.