the Ṭāʾif road threads its way, and that line of mountains stretches northward until its slopes peter out where Wadi Wusayq joins ʿUrnah.

Al-ʿAynī writes: “ʿArafah is used for a time—the ninth day of Dhu al-Ḥijjah—and for a place, the well-known site.”

Concerning the wording ḥattā an ʿArafah, we adopt al-Nawawī’s explanation: what is meant is that he drew near to ʿArafāt, for Namirah itself does not belong to ʿArafāt.

– al-qubbah: a small tent. Ibn al-Athīr says, “A qubbah is a small, round dwelling of cloth; its plurals are qibab and qubab.”

– duribat lahu: literally, “a tent was struck for him,” i.e., set up with its pegs driven into the ground.

– Namirah: with fatḥah on the nūn, kasrah on the mīm, then rāʾ and a feminine tāʾ—two low hills that mark the eastern limit of the sanctuary. They line up with the ḥaram boundary stones: Namirah lies to the right of one coming out of the Maʾzaman defile, while the stones are on his left. Wadi ʿUrnah separates Namirah from ʿArafah.

– baṭn al-wādī (“the valley floor”): Wadi ʿUrnah, in whose bed the front section of Masjid Namirah stands. Wadi ʿUrnah is not part of the ʿArafah standing area; it forms its western boundary, as noted earlier.

– al-Sakhrāt (“the Rocks”): slabs of rock fused to the ground behind Mount ʿArafah, to its east. Whoever stands there faces both Mount al-Raḥmah and the qiblah. This was the Prophet’s ﷺ station, and it has remained the station of successive rulers to this day.

– ḥabl al-mushāt: the correct spelling is with ḥāʾ, bāʾ, then lām. It is the path used by pedestrians; it lies directly in front of the person standing on the Rocks.

– al-mushāt: walkers, pedestrians (plural of mashī).