in whom old age has become evident, its plurals are shuyūkh, shaykhān, and other forms.
• “does not remain steady on the mount”: this clause is an adjectival phrase modifying shaykh in the accusative. The sense is that he cannot stay firm or keep his balance, and therefore is unable to ride an animal.
• “afa-aḥujju ʿanhu?”: the prefixed faʾ together with the interrogative hamzah is coordinated to an omitted clause, i.e., “Is it valid for me to act as his deputy, so that I perform Hajj on his behalf?”
• “naʿam”: a particle of reply and affirmation; when it follows a past-tense statement it serves to confirm it.
• “Ḥajjat al-Wadāʿ”: with the ḥāʾ pronounced either with kasrah or fatḥah and the jīm doubled. It is the pilgrimage during which the Prophet ﷺ bade farewell to the people; after the Hijrah he performed no ḥajj other than this one.
• “al-Wadāʿ”: with an open wāw; a noun taken from the act of bidding farewell at departure, which involves leaving and parting. It was so named as an expression of optimism that the traveler will find serenity (daʿah) when he returns. The Farewell Pilgrimage occurred in the tenth year after the Hijrah.

Points extracted from the ḥadith

1. It is forbidden to look at a woman who is not a maḥram.
2. One must remove a person from situations of temptation and keep him away from them.
3. A chronically incapacitated person is obliged to appoint someone else to perform Hajj on his behalf, even if he is financially able.
4. A woman may deputize for a man and vice versa in performing the rites. Shaykh al-Islām said: “It is permissible by consensus for a man to perform Hajj on behalf of a woman, and likewise the reverse according to the four Imams, although some jurists differed.”
5. Whoever is unable to carry out the pilgrimage physically is not required to do it himself; it suffices that someone perform it for him—provided he can afford the expenses. If he lacks the means, deputization is not obligatory, in keeping with Allah’s words: “whoever is able to find a way thereto” (Āl ʿImrān 3:97).
6. Since deputization is permissible for the obligatory Hajj, it is all the more permissible for a voluntary pilgrimage.