Points derived from the ḥadīth:
1 – The ḥajj performed by a minor, male or female, is valid whether the child has reached the age of discernment or is younger than that.
2 – The reward of that ḥajj belongs to the child himself; it does not accrue to his guardian or to any other relative. The guardian, however, is rewarded separately for facilitating the rite.
3 – A pilgrimage undertaken before puberty does not fulfil the obligatory Hajj of Islam. The Prophet’s ﷺ reply “Yes” to the woman means only that the act itself is valid, even though the boy was too young to discern, as the wording “A woman lifted up a small boy” makes clear. The general statement “ḥajj” is clarified by the narration, “Any boy whose family take him for ḥajj, then he reaches puberty, must perform another ḥajj,” reported by al-Bayhaqī (9629). Thus the child gains the merit of a voluntary ḥajj before puberty, but once he becomes an adult the obligatory pillar of ḥajj is still required. The scholars are unanimously agreed that, upon reaching puberty, the earlier pilgrimage does not discharge the Islamic obligation. Al-Ṭaḥāwī said: “The word ‘Yes’ is no proof that the child’s pilgrimage suffices for the obligatory ḥajj; rather, it is proof against those who claim the child has no ḥajj at all.”
4 – Since the Lawgiver has permitted a minor to perform ḥajj, He intends that it be carried out in the prescribed manner. Accordingly, all the rulings that apply to an adult pilgrim apply to the child as well, except where specific evidence indicates otherwise. The guardian should therefore observe the following:
a – If the child is below the age of discernment, the guardian makes the intention and pronounces ihrām on the child’s behalf, thereby placing the child in ihrām.
b – If the child can discern, the guardian instructs him to enter ihrām, for a discerning minor’s ihrām is not valid without the guardian’s permission; the rite entails a financial element and therefore requires the guardian’s consent.
c – If the pilgrim is male he must avoid what male pilgrims avoid during ihrām; if she is female she must avoid what female pilgrims avoid.
d – Discerning children must be free of ritual impurity and physical filth while performing ṭawāf. If they are younger than that, the guardian should nonetheless cleanse their bodies and clothes of any impurity at the time of ṭawāf.