for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “and the pinnacle of its hump is jihad in the cause of Allah.”

4 – Fasting “in Allah’s cause” is subject to the condition that it must not weaken a person’s body for jihad. If fasting does impair him, it is preferable for him to leave it, because jihad brings a public, far-reaching benefit, whereas fasting is a private act of worship whose benefit is confined to its performer. The wider an act of worship’s benefit, the more useful and worthier of precedence it becomes.

5 – In the phrase “no servant…,” human servitude (ʿubūdiyyah) to Allah is of two kinds:
• General servitude: this encompasses all created beings, including the disbelievers and the sinners. Allah the Exalted says: “There is none in the heavens and the earth but will come to the Most Merciful as a servant” (Maryam 19:93). This is universal, creational servitude: He disposes of them through life and death, bounty and trial; they are under His dominion and power, subjugated by His creation and command.
• Specific servitude: this is reserved for the believers, who worship Allah through obedience, adhere to His law, and carry out His rulings, as in His statement: “I did not create jinn and mankind except to worship Me” (adh-Dhāriyāt 51:56).