Chapter: Voluntary Fasting and the Days on Which Fasting Is Forbidden
Introduction
Taṭawwuʿ—voluntary devotion—refers, in its broadest sense, to any act of obedience performed freely. The jurists use the term for the non-obligatory acts of worship: extra prayers, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.
Such voluntary deeds carry tremendous merit: they earn reward, erase sins, multiply good works, and mend the shortcomings found in obligatory duties. God Most High says, “Whoever does so voluntarily, it is better for him” (al-Baqarah 2:184), meaning that whoever augments the obligatory with supererogatory worship attains something greater, for “good” is a comprehensive term for every beneficial matter.
He also says in a sacred hadith: “My servant continues to draw near to Me through voluntary acts until I love him” (related by al-Bukhari 26021).
Imam Ahmad remarked, “Fasting is the best voluntary act, because it is untouched by ostentation.”
Numerous noble hadiths extol its virtue. Among them is the report recorded by al-Bukhari 1771 and Muslim 1942 from Abu Hurayrah, in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Every deed of the son of Adam is for him; each good deed is multiplied from ten to seven hundred times. Allah says, ‘Except for fasting—it is Mine, and I alone reward it. He forsakes his food, drink, and desire for My sake.’”
Thus Allah, majestic and exalted, has singled out fasting by ascribing it to Himself, unlike any other act, thereby elevating and honoring it. He Himself undertakes the recompense of the fasting person without measure or reckoning, for fasting is a secret between Allah and His servant, unseen by anyone else.
We therefore ask Allah, exalted be He, to make all our deeds sincerely devoted to His noble countenance.