563 – ʿĀʾishah and Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with them) related: “The Prophet ﷺ would enter the morning in a state of janābah (major ritual impurity) after marital relations; he would then perform the ritual bath and continue fasting.” Agreed upon.

Muslim adds in Umm Salamah’s narration: “and he did not have to make up the fast.” (1)

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Glossary of the ḥadith
• “enter the morning junub”: dawn breaks while a person is still in a state of janābah and has not yet bathed.
• junub: so called because it obliges one to keep away from certain acts of worship, or because the water poured for the bath flows away from the body.
• “min jimāʿ” (because of intercourse): the preposition min is causal, meaning “on account of intercourse.”

Points derived from the ḥadith

1. The Prophet ﷺ would sometimes have intercourse during the night; dawn might break while he was still junub. He would fast, bathe after daybreak, complete the fast, and was not required to make it up.
2. This ruling holds in Ramadan and outside it alike. Ibn Kathir said: “This is the position of the four Imams and the majority of scholars, early and late,” and al-Wazīr recorded consensus on the matter, for the reports are recurrent.
3. The fast of anyone who enters the morning junub from intercourse—or any other cause during the night—is valid.
4. If janābah due to intercourse poses no problem, janābah from other causes is even less problematic.
5. The ruling is the same for obligatory and supererogatory fasts, for Ramadan and other days.
6. Intercourse is permissible throughout the nights of Ramadan, even up to the moment just before dawn breaks.