—pleasures that undermine the very objective of fasting and the devotee’s turning toward Allah. In a Sacred Hadith He says, “He gives up his food and his desire for My sake” (al-Bukhari 1771; Muslim 1942).
Moreover, it is hard to imagine that intercourse could occur through forgetfulness or under coercion, for once desire is aroused the idea of compulsion disappears and the person acts by choice.
As for those who hold that the fast is not broken and no expiation is due when intercourse occurs through forgetfulness or compulsion, they adduce several proofs:
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The Almighty says, “Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or fall into error” (Quran 2:286).
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The Prophet ﷺ said, “My ummah has been excused for mistakes, forgetfulness, and what they are compelled to do” (Ibn Majah 22045).
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The hadith concerning intercourse refers only to the deliberate violator and does not encompass the forgetful person; it is the principal evidence in this question.
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By consensus, the one who has intercourse forgetfully incurs neither sin nor worldly or other-worldly punishment; accordingly, no expiation is due.
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An action cannot be ascribed to someone who forgets or is coerced, for an act is only attributed to a doer when it is intended, and here there is neither intention nor will.
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Shaykh ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Saʿdi stated: “The sound view is that a person who has intercourse forgetfully or under coercion neither breaks his fast nor owes expiation, for Allah has pardoned the forgetful and the mistaken.”
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With regard to the woman, if she willingly consents to intercourse, the other three imams say that she must offer the expiation, while al-Shafiʿi holds that no expiation is required of her.
The majority opinion is the correct one, for in some versions of the hadith the man says, “I am ruined and I have ruined her.” Al-Majd remarked in al-Muntaqa that the apparent sense is that she had been coerced.
The scholars then disagreed whether the expiation is waived when a person is unable to afford it; on this point there are two opinions.