the Prophet ﷺ would certainly have clarified them, the Companions would have known of them, and they would have conveyed them—just as they transmitted every other aspect of his law. Since nothing of the sort has reached us, it is clear that he ﷺ said nothing on the matter.

Resolution of the Islamic Fiqh Academy concerning fast-nullifiers in the field of medical treatment (No. 93):

The Council of the Islamic Fiqh Academy, convening at its tenth session in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from 23–28 Ṣafar 1418 AH (28 June–3 July 1997 CE),

after reviewing the papers submitted on the subject of fast-nullifiers in medical treatment, together with the studies, research, and recommendations issued by the Ninth Medical-Fiqh Symposium held by the Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences—in cooperation with the Academy and other bodies—in Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco, from 9–12 Ṣafar 1418 AH (14–17 June 1997 CE); having listened to the discussions that took place with the participation of jurists and physicians; and having examined the proofs from the Qur’an and Sunnah and the statements of the jurists,

resolved the following:

First: The following matters are not considered to break the fast:

1- Eye-drops, ear-drops, ear-wash, nose-drops, or nasal spray, provided one avoids swallowing anything that reaches the throat.

2- Medicinal tablets placed under the tongue to treat angina and similar conditions, provided one avoids swallowing anything that reaches the throat.

3- Items inserted into the vagina—such as pessaries, douches, a vaginal endoscope, or a finger—for medical examination.

4- The insertion of an endoscope, an intra-uterine device (IUD), or the like into the uterus.