Points derived from the ḥadith:
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The wording cited above is transmitted by al-Tirmidhī (632) and Abū Dāwūd (2009) on the authority of Anas: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would break his fast with fresh dates; if none were available, then with dried dates; and if those too were unavailable he would sip a few mouthfuls of water.”
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The report recommends breaking the fast first with fresh dates, failing that with dried dates, and if even these are lacking, with water.
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Ibn al-Qayyim states in his work Prophetic Medicine: “This practice reflects the perfection of the Prophet’s compassion for, and sincere counsel to, his community. Dates strengthen the liver, loosen the bowels, and are among the most nourishing fruits for the body. Eaten on an empty stomach they kill intestinal worms. Thus they serve as fruit, food, medicine, and confection in one.” Dr. Ṣabrī al-Qabbānī adds: “Dates are rich in several kinds of sugar that are converted directly into blood and then into muscular energy.” Modern medicine has confirmed the soundness of the Prophet’s guidance in fasting and breaking the fast: the fasting person consumes the glucose stored in his cells, and the consequent drop in blood sugar is what causes the weakness, lethargy, and slight visual blurring he experiences. It is therefore essential to supply the body with an ample dose of sugar at the moment of ifṭār so that strength quickly returns.
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The editor—may Allah pardon him—remarks: A ḥadith such as this exemplifies scientific inimitability, one of the many instances found in the Noble Qur’an and the purified Sunnah that gladden the believer’s heart, confirming that they are a revelation from the All-Wise, the All-Aware.
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Concerning his words, “If he cannot find any, let him break his fast with water, for it is purifying,” the intended meaning—Allah knows best—is that water cleanses the stomach and intestines. This is now a medically established fact: physicians advise drinking water on an empty stomach, saying that it washes the stomach and intestines and restores the body’s natural balance.