whereas the Islamic Council in Singapore fixed the beginning and end of that Ramadan by astronomical calculation, arguing as follows: “In the Asian region—Singapore in particular—the sky is blanketed with clouds, and most of the sites from which the crescent could be sighted are therefore obscured. This constitutes an unavoidable impediment, so the month must be determined by calculation.”
After the members of the Islamic Fiqh Council had undertaken a thorough study of the matter in the light of the scriptural texts, the Council of the Islamic Fiqh Academy resolved to endorse the position taken by the Islamic Daʿwah Association, given the clarity of the scriptural evidence on the issue.
The Council also rules that, in places such as Singapore and certain parts of Asia where the sky is consistently overcast and sighting is impeded, Muslims living there and in comparable regions may follow a trusted Muslim country that relies exclusively on the visual sighting of the crescent, and not on astronomical calculation in any form. This is in accordance with the Prophet’s ﷺ words: “Fast when you see it, and break your fast when you see it; if it is obscured from you, then complete the count as thirty,” and: “Do not begin the fast until you have seen the crescent or completed the count, and do not break the fast until you have seen the crescent or completed the count,” as well as other hadiths conveying the same meaning.
Second benefit
Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī (633) records, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Your day of fasting is the day the community fasts, and your day of breaking the fast is the day the community breaks the fast.”
The shaykh said: If someone sees the crescent of Ramadan by himself, fasting is not obligatory upon him, nor do the other rulings of the month apply to him; rather, he fasts with the people and breaks his fast with the people. This is the most persuasive of the opinions.
The underlying principle is that Allah has attached certain legal rulings to what is termed the crescent and the month,