when he asks them for their wealth. In doing so he is afflicted with scratches and scars, both intangible and tangible: the intangible are the humiliation and abasement he suffers before the one he is asking, while the tangible are the constriction and change that come over the beggar’s face at the moment of the request.
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The ḥadith declares it unlawful to beg when one already possesses sufficient wealth or is able to obtain it through work, a trade, or the like.
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It recommends refraining from begging altogether, maintaining chastity from it even when in need, and choosing patience instead.
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The ḥadith makes an exception for asking the ruler—the leader of the Muslims—for such a request is permissible, entailing neither sin nor disgrace. This is because the ruler is the trustee over the Muslims’ public treasury and every Muslim has a right to it; thus, when a person petitions the imam, he is in fact asking for his own rightful share, for which the imam is merely the guardian.
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Nevertheless, it is recommended not to make frequent or persistent requests of the ruler, especially for scholars and people of merit, for doing so diminishes their dignity, undermines the prestige of knowledge, and betrays a preoccupation with accumulating wealth. Al-Bukhari reports that Ḥakīm ibn Ḥizām said: “I asked the Prophet (blessings and peace be upon him) and he gave me; then I asked him again and he gave me; then I asked him a third time and he gave me. He then said, ‘O Ḥakīm, this wealth is verdant and sweet. Whoever takes it with a contented heart will be blessed in it, but whoever takes it with avarice will not be blessed in it; he will be like one who eats yet is never sated.’ Ḥakīm continued, ‘By the One who sent you with the truth, I shall never again take anything from anyone.’ After the Prophet’s death, Abū Bakr would summon him to give him his stipend, but he refused to accept it; ʿUmar likewise called him and he refused. ʿUmar then said, ‘I call you all to witness that I am offering Ḥakīm his stipend and he refuses to accept it.’ And Ḥakīm never asked anything of anyone until he departed this world.”